Hydraulic motor.



' Patented july, 3|, |900. IE. F'. CASSEL. l HYDRAULIC MOTOR.

[Application filed Feb. 28, IQQO.)

3 Sheets-Sheet 2 (No Model.)

IWWWU l Patented luly 3|, |900. E. F. CASSEL. HYDRAULIC'MTR. (Application filed Feb. 2a, 1500.1

3 Sheets--Sheet 3,

(No Model.)

III!! .Il I ...I :I

Il IIIII UNITED i STATES PATENT Grrrcn.

' ELMER r. onssnnor sEATTLE, WASHINGTON.

HYDRAULIC; Moros.

SEECIFICATION fOrming part OI Lttels Iiatent No. 654,872, dated July 31, 1900.

Application filed February 28, 19Cl0. AV Serial No. 6,821. (No model.)

To aZZwhom it may concern:

Beit known that I, ELMER F. CASSEL," of Seattle, in the county of King and State of Vashington, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydraulic Motors; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use 1o the same.

This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in hydraulic motors; and it has for its object the production of simple and inexpensive means for automatically t5 regulating the motor to a uniform speedof revolution under all conditions of load or force of water. Heretofore in motors of this character it has been customary to regulate the speed of the motor by altering the angle'of zo the nozzle or feed with relation to the buckets, whereby a reduced volume of water acts against the latter, or else means have been provided forshutting off or reducing the How from the nozzle. These methods, while approximately successful when .employed with heads of from twentyto fifty pounds pressure,

are dangerous and wholly impracticable forAv use where the water column is under high pressure. Under the latter conditions the prsgo sure is frequently so great that the regulating means is necessarily slow-acting, and 'as a consequence before the column of water can be reduced the mechanism Ais racked and strained to such a degree as to make -it shortlived. It is the object of my present invention `to overcome these objections.

The invention will be hereinafter fully set forth, and particularly pointed out in theclaims.

In the accompanying drawings', Figure lis a side view illustrating my improved motor.' Fig. 2 is a sectional view on line 2 2, Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a similar view on line 3 3, Fig. l.' Fig. t is a detail. Figs. 5 and 6- are views of slight modifications.

Referring to the drawings, A designates a wheel-body made up of two sections a a', keyed to a shaft ft2. The hub c3 of each of said sections is provided with grooves a* to 5o receive the keys a5, antifriction-balls a6 being also secured in said grooves, whereby the scctions ct ctlwill move freely upon the shaft a2 with a minimum degree of friction. The section a' is provided with sleeves or bosses b, preferably cast integral therewith and serving as bearings or supports for sleeves B, which latter contain the springs ZJ', serving to normally hold the two sections of the wheel together. The sleeves B are provided with closed ends b2, formed in the shape of a nut, and open ends b3, which project through suitable openings C in section a. Each spring b is `provided with a threaded extension h", which Works in a threaded aperture b5 of the closed end of sleeve B. The free ends of said springs are provided with hooks d, which eng gage a yoke D at opposite points. Said yoke is preferably of approximate ring shape and provided with inwardly-projecting pins or lugs d', fitting in grooves d2 of one of the hubs a3. The tension of springs b is regulated by turning the sleeves B. Said sleeves are held as against turning by locking-pins (Z3, which are arranged to engage recesses d4, formed in the ends of bosses b. Each pin d3 is normally held in engagement with recesses d* by means of vsprings d5, secured at one end to said sleeve, the free end of said spring being looped around the head of said pin or otherwise secured thereto. When said pins are raised out of contact with recesses d4, the'same are held as against the action of thesprings by means of lugs d6, which engage the end faces of sleeves B. y i

To the shaft a? is keyed or otherwise secured a hub E, having brackets e, in which are pivoted arms or leversef. Said arms or levers are passed through coincident slots eX of the sections au and provided with approximately right-angulararms or extensions e2 e3, which are located between said sections. Antifriction-wheels efare mounted in said arms or extensions and bear against the inner faces of said sections. On the opposite ends of arms or levers e are adjustably mounted weights e4 e5, the latter being of sufficient weight to overcome any centrifugal force which may be developed by the former at any point within their radius of action. Said weights areheld in position on arms or levers cand also adroo justed on the latter by means of nuts eworking on the threaded portions e7 of said arms or levers. If desired, a graduated scaley e8 may beplaced on levers e for guidance-in the adjustment of said Weights.

On the periphery of each section of the motor are formed buckets F, and Water is directed thereagainst from a pipe or nozzle F. The operation is as follows: A jet of Water being directed against the buckets causes the aration of the buckets. As the centrifugal force decreases the ends of said levers are brought together by means of springs h5, acting on sections H'. In this form of my invention the buckets serve as the differential weights on the levers h2 h3. l

The advantages of my invention areapparent to those skilled in the art to whichit apwheel-body to rotate, tne centrifugal Iorce exerted thereby causing the weights e to overcome the weights e4, the former moving away from the shaft and the latter toward the shaft. This movement of the weights results in the rocking of levers e and causes the extensions e2 e3 thereof to respectively engage sections o. a of the motor, whereby-'said sections are separated against the action of the springs b. By thismeans the buckets of the twov sections are separated, thereby permitting the jet of waterto pass between the same, either in whole or in part, instead of impinging directly thereagainst, resulting in a corresponding decrease of power. Adccrease in the speed of revolution of the motor will lwhereby the gap between the buckets cause a decrease in the centrifugal force of the .weighted levers, whereupon the pressure of the springs b will bring the sections together as against the pressure of said levers,

is diminished or entirely closed.

If desired, a lever E may be connected to one of the sections of the motor-body and arranged to operatea cut-oii'f valve inthe water-suppl y in the eventvof accident, such as the parting of the springs or other cause, which may separate the sections to an abnormal extent. It is also obvious that weights e4 and the portions of levers e supporting the same may be entirely dispensed With without departing from-the spirit of my invention, or,

if desired, weights @[65 may be mounted upon pertains, and 1t will be particularly observed that Ihave produced a hydraulic motor which is simple `and inexpensive in construction and one in which a uniform speed of rotation Will be maintained under all conditions of load or force of water. An important advantage lies in the arrangement of the weights by Ywhich the centrifugal power is applied to separate the sections.l S upposing the heavier weight to be one pound and the lighter one a half-pound, it is'apparent that the initial velocity required to move the heavier one would be approximately the same required to move a halfpound weight when mounted alone upon the lever. It will vbe observed, however, that as soon as the heavier overcomes the lighter the latter approaches `the shaft as the former leaves the same, therebydecreas- Y ing the radius of revolution of the former with a corresponding decrease in centrifugal l force tending to resist the spread of theheavier Weight, whereby the efficient power of the latter is greatly increased. It will be obter than it does in leaving said center, and hence there is a greater scope to the governindependent lever s.

While the preferred form of my motor is as above set'forth, yet I find good results can be obtained with `the form illustrated in Fig. 5.

In this form the motor-body is composed of but` one section G and does not differ either in construction or operation from the form heretofore described, save that hub G is elongated to receive the yoke D in lieu of hub as. In operation the centrifugal force acting upon provided withV arms or levers h2 ha, havingl weighted ends. The latter levers are provided with llugs h4, which are in engagement with the sections H.

trifugal force causes the ends of levers h2' ha to separate, resulting in a corresponding sep- In practice the cen-' IOO ing action. f

I claim as myinventionl. A hydraulic motor comprising a shaft, a motor-body mounted thereon, and weighted members pivotally supported by said shaft and arranged to automatically varythe rela tive positions of said body on said. shaft, said members being operated by the lcentrifugal force developed in the rotation of said shaft, l as set forth.

the weighted levers causes the buckets to 2. A hydraulic motor comprisingva motor- Vbody provided with buckets, and `diiferen- :tially-weig'nted membersarranged t0 'move `said buckets out of the line of impact, said ,members being-put into'operation by the centrifugal force developed in the rotation/.of said .motor, asset forth.

3. A hydraulic motor comprising a motor- IIO body carrying buckets, arms or members car- `said buckets will be moved out of the linevof impact by the centrifugal force developed in the rotation of said motor, as set forth.l

4. A hydraulic motor' comprising abody `formed in sections and carrying buckets,

Weightedlevers arranged to be operated by the centrifugal force developed inthe rotation of said body and extending between said sections, and means for holding said sections normally together, as set forth.

5. A hydraulic motor comprising a body formed in sections, levers mounted between said sections and arranged to be operated by the centrifugal force developed in the rotation of said body, said levers having differentially-Weighted ends, and means for holding said sections normally together.

6. A hydraulic motor comprising a shaft, a motor-body formed in sections and mounted on said shaft, a hub keyed to said shaft, levers mounted in said hub and arranged to be operated by the centrifugal force developed lin the rotation of said body, said 'levers engaging said sections, said levers having differentiallyweighted ends, and means for holding said sections normally together, as set forth. i

7. A hydraulic motor comprising ashaft, a motor-body formed in sections and mounted on said shaft, a hub keyed to said shaft, levers mounted in said hub and arranged to be operated by the centrifugal force developed in the rotation of said body, said levers having dilferentiallyweighted ends, arms or members extending from said levers between said sections, and means for holding said sections normally together.

8. A hydraulic motor comprising a shaft, a motor-body formed in sections and mounted on said shaft, a hub keyed to said shaft and having brackets, levers mounted in said brackets and arranged to be operated by the centrifugal force developed in the rotation of said body, said levers having differentiallyweighted ends, arms or members formed with said levers and extending between said sections, antifriction-rollers mounted in the ends of said arms or members, and means for holding said sections normally together, substantially as set forth.`

9. A hydraulic motor comprising a shaft, a motor-body formed in sections and mounted on said shaft, a hub keyed to said shaft, levers mounted in said hub and arranged to be operated by the centrifugal force developed in the rotation of Asaid body, said levers engaging said sections, weights adjustably secured on said lever, and means for holding said sections normally together, substantially as set forth.

l0. A hydraulic motor comprising a shaft, a motorbody formed in sections and mounted on said shaft, a hub keyed to said shaft, levers mounted in said hub and arranged to be operated by the centrifugal force developed in the rotation of said body, said levers engaging said sections, Weights adjustably mounted upon said levers, means forholding said weights in any adjusted position, and means for holding said sections normally together, substantially as set forth.

l1. A hydraulic motor comprising a shaft,

l2. A hydraulic motor comprising a shaft, A

a motor-body mounted on said shaft and formed in sections, each of said sections being provided with opposite coincident slots, a hub keyed to said shaft, levers mounted in said hub and arranged to be operated by the i centrifugal force developed in the rotation of said body, said levers being extended through said slots, and having arms or extensions engaging said sections, differential weights mounted on the ends of said levers, and means for holding said sections normally together, substantially as set forth.

13. A hydraulic motor comprising a motorbody formed in sections and provided with buckets, weighted levers arranged to be operated bythe centrifugal force developed in the rotation of said motor-body, said levers having angular portions extending between said sections, and means for holding said sections normally together, as set forth.

14. A hydraulic motor comprising a shaft, a motor-body mounted thereon and carrying buckets, sleeves carried by said motor-body, coil-springs secured within said sleeves, a yoke engaged by said springs, and weighted levers connected and arranged to be operated by the centrifugal force developed in the rotation of said motor-body and designed to move said buckets out of the line of impact and against the action of said springs, substantially as set forth.

` 15. A hydraulic motor comprising a shaft, a motor-body mounted thereon and carrying buckets, sleeves carried by said motor-body, a yoke, coil springs secured within said sleeves and having hooked ends engaging said yoke, means for adjusting the tension of said springs, and Weighted levers connected and arranged to be operated by the centrifugal force developed in the rotation of said motor-body and designed to move said buckets out of the line of impact and against the action ot' said springs, substantially as set forth.

16. A hydraulic motor comprising a shaft, a motor-body formed in sections and carrying buckets, sleeves carried by one of said sections, a yoke carried by the other section, springs secured Within said sleeves and engaging said yoke,rand means for automatically separating said sections, whereby said buckets are moved out of the line of impact, substantially as set forth.

17. A hydraulic motor comprising a shaft, a motor-body formed in sections and carry- IOC IIO

-ing buckets, bosses formedin one of said sections, elongated sleeves mounted in said' for automatically separating said sections,

whereby said buckets are moved out of the `line of impact, substantially asset forth.

18. A 'hydraulic motor comprising a shaft,

a motor-body formed in sections, a ring-like yoke having lugs or pins engaging the hub of one of said sections, springs carried by the other section and engaging said yoke, and

a motorbodyformed in sections `and carrying buckets, sleeves carried by one of said sections, a yoke carried by the other section,

coil-springs carried by said sleeves, means for adjusting the tension of said springs, and

means for automatically separating said sec-y tions, whereby said buckets are moved out of the line of impact, substantially as set forth.

20. A hydraulic motor comprising a shaft, amotor-body formedin sections and carrying buckets, sleeves loosely mounted in one of said sections, springs located in said sleeves and having threaded ends engaging the latter, a yoke engaged by the free ends of said ing witnesses.

Athreaded apertures, coil-springslocated in said sleeves and having threaded ends in engagement with said apertures, a yoke engaged by the free ends of said springs, and means for automatically separating said sections, whereby said buckets are moved out of the line of impact, substantially as set forth.

2 2. A hydraulic motor comprising a shaft, a motor-body formed in sections and carrying buckets,one of said sections havingbosses formed therewith provided with recesses in their ends, sleeves mounted in said bosses and having a nut-like closed end provided withathreaded aperture,a pin carried by `means for automatically separatingsaidsecf tions, Wherebysaid buckets are moved outof 1 thefline ofA impact, substantially as set forth."

19. A hydraulic motor comprising a' shaft,

said sleeve, a spring arranged to normally hold said pin in engagement with one of said recesses,means for holding said pin as against the action of` said spring, springs located in said sleeves and having vthreaded yends in engagement with the apertures thereof,.a yoke engaged by said springs, and means for automatically separating said sections, and moving said buckets out of the line ofimpact, substantially as set forth.

23.' A hydrau'lic'motor comprising a motorbodyfcarrying buckets, differential weights Amounted to rotate with said body in such manner that auinorease in the radius of actionfof the controlling-weights will result in a decrease4 in the radius Vof action of the resisting-Weights and lmeans operated by said weights, Wherebysaidbuckets will be moved outof the line of impact, as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscrib- ELMER F. CASSEL.

Witnesses: i

GRAFTON L. MoGILL, WM. S. Hope-Es. 

